Que sont les IST/MST ?
Cette vidéo aborde les infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) : qu’est-ce qu’elles sont, comment elles se propagent, et pourquoi il est essentiel de les dépister et de les traiter. Informez-vous sur les moyens de prévention et sur l’importance de la santé sexuelle pour tous. [AMZ-034-fr]
Youth
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. When someone is infected with HIV, the virus begins to attack the immune system, which can make someone more likely to get sick from other germs. It can take many years for someone with HIV to develop AIDS, and some people who are HIV positive never develop AIDS. While there is no cure for HIV, there are medicines that can help people live long and healthy lives like people with other chronic illnesses (such as diabetes). It’s important to know that you cannot tell if someone has HIV just by looking at them. The only way to know for sure if a person has HIV is for that person to get tested for HIV and tell you the results of their HIV test.
HIV is spread through specific bodily fluids- specifically semen, vaginal fluids, blood and breastmilk. It can be spread through sex, contact with an infected person’s blood or breastfeeding when a mother is HIV positive. Condoms create a barrier during sex that prevents the transmission of HIV from one partner to another.
FAQs
Herpes is the only STI that can be passed through kissing. This usually happens when one person has a sore on or around the mouth and then kisses another person. It can also happen during a select number of days throughout the year when the virus is more active in a person’s body and when they may have no symptoms at all.
Using a barrier method like a male or female (internal) condom and/or dental dam every time you have any type of sex can prevent the spread of STIs.
Since many STIs can be spread not only through bodily fluids but also through skin to skin contact of the genitals, it’s important to have regular screenings for STIs, even for those who always use condoms.
Later in life STIs can lead to serious health problems, including forms of cancer, if they are left untreated, so once people are sexually active they should have regular tests for STIs including pap smears, even if they don’t have any symptoms.
A condom is a thin piece of latex, polyisoprene or polyurethane that is worn over the penis during oral, anal or vaginal intercourse to prevent pre-ejaculatory (pre-come) fluid or semen from entering a partner’s mouth, anus or vagina. Condoms can be made of latex, polyisoprene, polyurethane and natural skin, but only latex, polyisoprene and polyurethane condoms prevent the transmission of HIV and STIs.
In South Africa, young people are entitled to access contraception, including condoms, from the age of 12 without the consent of their parents. They are available for sale at chemists or free at places like local clinics, doctors offices and sometimes in public toilets.
Parents
The initials HIV and the acronym AIDS are often used together leading people to believe they are the same thing when in reality they are different. HIV is the virus that can cause AIDS, and AIDS is the illness that can occur later when the immune system is no longer able to fight off infections like it is supposed to. HIV can be transmitted from one infected person to another through certain sexual behaviors. Despite many myths that exist, the truth is that not all bodily fluids transmit HIV. The bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are semen, vaginal fluid, blood and breast milk.
When someone first gets infected with HIV they usually do not show any symptoms. This is why getting tested regularly is important. If someone is tested and they do have HIV there are many medications that can help treat the symptoms of HIV and allow someone to live a healthy, symptom-free life for many years.
It is common for young people to hear many myths about HIV, so having a trusted adult in their lives that they can talk to about this topic is important. There is also a lot of stigma around having HIV, so it is essential to provide young people with medically accurate and age-appropriate information on this topic.
It important for caring adults to talk with young people about HIV transmission and prevention, before they begin engaging in sexual behaviors with a partner. While it is good to normalize HIV and STIs, it is also important to be clear with young people about how HIV and STIs can affect them and why it is important to practice safer sex.
Before young people begin engaging in sexual behaviors, they should know how they can reduce the risk of contracting HIV by decreasing their number of sexual partners, getting tested before sexual activity and properly and consistently using latex barriers, like condoms, female (internal) condoms and dental dams. Research shows that young people whose parents talked to them about condoms before they began having sex are more likely to use condoms at first intercourse and thereafter.
It’s also very helpful for young people to know how to get tested once they begin having sex. HIV and other STD testing and treatment is offered through your family doctor or at most family planning clinics and community health centers. Home testing kits are now available in most major pharmacies as well. HIV testing involves a simple blood test. Young people should understand that HIV can be treated with medicines provided by a doctor, but there is no cure for HIV.
Talking about HIV with the young people in your life lets them know that they are not alone and they can come to their parents or guardians when they have questions or need support.
CONVERSATION STARTERS
If you start essential conversations about topics like HIV with your children, then they will know they can come to you with questions. The easiest way to start these conversations is to talk about issues as they arise in everyday life while you are doing things like watching TV together. Symptoms, testing and condoms may not just come up in conversation, but it is important to talk about these issues.
Here are some ways to start these conversations:
For example, while at the doctor’s office for your child’s checkup, you can talk to your child about the Gardasil vaccine, which protects people from certain types of HPV—a sexually transmitted disease.
If a sex scene comes up on TV, there is an opportunity to talk about whether the partners talked about safer sex or used a latex barrier, like a condom or dental dam. While you may be nervous about having these conversations, a simple, “Wow, do you think they’re worried about STDs?” is one way to start the conversation.
If you are shopping in the market or a drugstore together, walk up the aisle where the condoms are hanging and ask your child if they know what condoms are and how they are used. Purchase a pack to take home and open so your child can see what they look like and how they are used.
Educators
STIs are infections that can be spread from one person to another through sexual contact—from sexual touching (genital-to-genital contact) to any kind of sexual intercourse (oral, anal or penile-vaginal).
There are many different STIs. Many people also believe that they will know when they have an STD, when in reality most people who have an STI do not experience any symptoms.
It is common for young people to hear many myths about STIs, so educating them about this topic is very important. There is also a lot of stigma around having an STI, even though it is quite common to have one at some point in one’s life.
Education about STI transmission and prevention should start hopefully before young people begin engaging in sexual behaviors with a partner. While it is good to help young people understand that STIs are relatively common, it is also important to be clear with young people about how STIs can affect them and why it is important to practice safe sex and to be tested regularly.
Before young people begin engaging in sexual behaviors, they should know how they can reduce the risk of contracting an STI by decreasing their number of sexual partners, getting tested before sexual activity, and properly and consistently using latex barriers, like condoms, female (internal) condoms and dental dams.
It’s also very helpful for young people to know how to get tested, if they think they might have an STI. STI testing and treatment is offered by most GPs and at many clinics and community health centres. STI testing can involve either a urine test, a simple blood test or a swab taken vis a pap smear. Young people should also understand that many STIs can be treated with medicines provided by a doctor, but there are some STIs that cannot be cured.
Educating young people about STIs lets them know that they are not alone and that they can ask questions or seek help when they need it.
International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education
Sexual Behaviour and Sexual Response
Understanding, Recognizing and Reducing the Risk of STIs, including HIV
Understanding, Recognizing and Reducing the Risk of STIs, including HIV
Discussion Questions
- What new information did you learn about HIV and STIs from the video?
- Did any of this information surprise you?
- What would you say is the key message about HIV and STIs?
- What might you do in the future now that you have this information?
