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It also defines gender identity, cisgender, transgender, and gender fluid, gender queer, and gender non-conforming. [AMZ-008] Youth Everyone has a gender identity—a feeling or sense of being male, female or somewhere in between. Sometimes people’s gender identity matches their bodies, and sometimes it does not. A person may be born with a penis and identify as a boy or born with a vagina and identify as a girl. This person may have a gender identity that is called “cisgender.” Or someone may be born with a penis and identify as a girl or born with a vagina and identify as a boy. This person may have a gender identity that is called “transgender.” When you share your gender identity with the world through clothing, makeup, how you talk, act and more, this is called “gender expression.” A person’s gender identity and gender expression can be different. Who someone is attracted to—their sexual orientation—is not related to gender identity and expression. Everyone has both a gender identity and a sexual orientation. Gender roles are the unspoken rules in our society that say how girls and women as well as boys and men are supposed to behave. Sometimes gender roles can be harmful if they keep people from being who they truly are. For example, gender roles that say boys are only supposed to be tough and like sports may keep boys from expressing feelings like kindness or doing things they might enjoy, like knitting. What’s important to remember is that people deserve to express themselves in ways that feels right for them and to be respected no matter how they identify, look or dress FAQs Are there more genders than “boy” and “girl”? Yes, there are totally more than two genders! Some people identify as a gender that is not male or female, some identify as more than one gender, and some people don’t identify as any gender. How can I tell a person’s gender? It’s okay if you can’t identify a person’s gender when you first meet. It’s more important not to judge someone based on the gender that person uses to identify themselves. We usually assume people’s gender identity based on how they look or dress, but some people’s gender identity may not match how they look or dress. In some situations, when you’re not sure how someone identifies, it’s okay to say, “I want to be respectful of how you identify, so could you tell me which pronoun you prefer I use?” This gives the person an opportunity to tell you their pronoun (he, she or another word). What should I do if I don’t feel like either a boy or girl, or if how I feel doesn’t match my body? Lots of people have qualities that are associated with a different gender. If you feel like your gender identity does not fit neatly into a boy or girl category, that’s okay. You may choose to dress or style your hair in a way that matches how you feel. As you figure out what feels right for you, seeking the support of a trusted adult can be extremely helpful! If you feel like your body does not match how you feel inside, then you should definitely talk to an adult you can trust. People who feel like their bodies do not match how they feel inside may identify as transgender or trans. You can get help figuring out how to have what you feel inside reflected on the outside with the help of trusted adults, like parents, counselors and doctors. Related Videos Expressing Myself. My Way. Gender Identity: Gender Roles and Stereotypes My Friend Is Transgender Puberty and Transgender Youth Range of Gender Identities Close Close Close Close Close Additional Resources Sex, Etc. Kids Health QChatSpace.org Parents Gender identity is the feeling someone has inside about being male, female or something in between. Everyone has a gender identity. Sometimes people’s gender identity matches their bodies, and sometimes it does not. A person may be born with a penis and identify as a boy or born with a vagina and identify as a girl. This person may have a gender identity that is called “cisgender.” Or someone may be born with a penis and identify as a girl or born with a vagina and identify as a boy. This person may have a gender identity that is called “transgender.” The term “genderqueer” is used to refer to anyone who identifies as neither male nor female, both male and female or a combination of different genders. “Genderfluid” is another identity that is similar to genderqueer. Some people experience their gender as fluid. This means they may feel like a mix of masculine and feminine qualities or feel more feminine sometimes and more masculine at other times. This is called gender fluidity, and it is not related to a person’s biological sex. People express a sense of masculinity, femininity or something in between through their daily choices about appearance. This is called “gender expression,” and it can be influenced by how someone feels inside, family expectations, society’s expectations and other influences. Sometimes people’s gender expression matches their gender identity, and sometimes it does not. Gender expression can also change throughout people’s lives as they learn more about themselves and what masculinity and femininity mean to them and how they choose to express themselves on any given day. Gender identity and expression don’t tell us anything about who a person is attracted to. “Sexual orientation” refers to what genders we are attracted to. Gender roles are the societal norms that dictate the types of behaviors that are generally considered appropriate for people based on their actual or perceived gender. As parents, guardians and other trusted adults, it is important that we recognize how harmful gender roles can be if we force them on young people. For example, insisting that a boy not cry when he is hurt or sad limits his ability to express a full range of human emotions and empathize with others. Gender roles can limit young people’s ability to be who they truly are when, for example, a girl who wants to play sports is instead encouraged to be “ladylike.” When children are encouraged in subtle—and not-so subtle—ways to adhere to strict gender roles, it can cause significant anxiety, insecurity, stress and low self-esteem for both boys and girls. With all this in mind, we can support children in shaping attitudes about gender that encourage respect for the many ways that people choose to identify and express themselves. CONVERSATION STARTERS There are lots of terms for gender identity, and it’s not important that you or your child memorize definitions. It is more important for children to understand that gender identity and expression are spectrums, and they don’t need to be afraid if they see someone different or if they feel different in terms of how they identify or express their gender. These conversation starters are a way to make sure your child feels comfortable asking questions and talking with you about these topics. You can also talk with your children about cultural differences in terms of gender. A great way to start talking about these issues is learning about gender expression and how masculinity and femininity are defined in different cultures (e.g., Scottish kilts). You could also start a conversation with your child using some of the following: When you see people on shows who challenge conventional ideas about gender identity and expression, talk to your child about it It seems like it’s not easy when someone expresses their gender in a way that people don’t understand. What do you think? Talk to them about how people may be teased or bullied because of their gender identity or expression Have you ever seen someone teased for being too much like a girl or too much like a boy? How did that make you feel? What did you do? Educators Gender identity is the feeling someone has inside about being male, female or something in between. Everyone has a gender identity. Sometimes people’s gender identity matches their bodies, and sometimes it does not. A person may be born with a penis and identify as a boy or born with a vagina and identify as a girl. This person may have a gender identity that is called “cisgender.” Or someone may be born with a penis and identify as a girl or born with a vagina and identify as a boy. This person may have a gender identity that is called “transgender.” The term “genderqueer” can be used to refer to anyone who identifies as neither male nor female, both male and female or a combination of different genders. Genderfluid is another identity that is similar to genderqueer. Some people experience their gender as fluid. This means they may feel like a mix of masculine and feminine qualities or feel more feminine sometimes and more masculine at other times. This is called gender fluidity, and it is not related to a person’s biological sex. Through actions and daily choices about appearance, people express a sense of masculinity, femininity or something in between. This is called “gender expression,” and it can be influenced by how someone feels inside, family expectations, society’s expectations and other influences. Sometimes people’s gender identity matches their gender expression, and sometimes it does not. Gender expression can also change throughout people’s lives as they learn more about themselves and what masculinity and femininity mean to them. Gender identity and expression don’t tell us anything about who a person is attracted to. “Sexual orientation” refers to what genders we are attracted to. Gender roles are the societal norms that dictate the types of behaviors that are generally considered appropriate for people based on their actual or perceived gender. As parents, guardians and other trusted adults, it is important that we recognize how harmful gender roles can be if we force them on young people. For example, insisting that a boy not cry when he is hurt or sad limits his ability to express a full range of human emotions and empathize with others. Gender roles can limit young people’s ability to be who they truly are when, for example, a girl who wants to play sports is instead encouraged to be “ladylike.” When children are encouraged in subtle—and not-so subtle—ways to adhere to strict gender roles, it can cause significant anxiety, insecurity, stress and low self-esteem for both boys and girls. With all this in mind, we can support children in shaping attitudes about gender that encourage respect for the many ways that people choose to identify and express themselves. National Sex Education Standards GI.5.CC.1 - Sex Assigned at Birth and Gender Identity Distinguish between sex assigned at birth and gender identity and explain how they may or may not differ View all GI.5.CC.1 Videos GI.5.CC.2 - Differences between Cisgender, Transgender, Gender Nonbinary, Gender Expansive, and Gender Identity Define and explain differences between cisgender, transgender, gender nonbinary, gender expansive, and gender identity View all GI.5.CC.2 Videos GI.5.AI.1 - Trusted Adults, Including Parents and Caregivers Identify trusted adults, including parents and caregivers, whom students can ask questions about gender, gender-role stereotypes, gender identity, and gender expression View all GI.5.AI.1 Videos GI.5.ADV.1 - Dignity and Respect for People of all Genders, Gender Expressions, and Gender Identities Demonstrate ways to promote dignity and respect for people of all genders, gender expressions, and gender identities, including other students, their family members, and members of the school community View all GI.5.ADV.1 Videos SO.5.CC.2 - Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Differentiate between sexual orientation and gender identity View all SO.5.CC.2 Videos GI.8.IC.1 - Ways to Communicate Respectfully Demonstrate ways to communicate respectfully with and about people of all gender identities View all GI.8.IC.1 Videos GI.10.CC.1 - Sex Assigned at Birth, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression Differentiate between sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and gender expression View all GI.10.CC.1 Videos International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education 3.1, ages 9-12 The Social Construction of Gender and Gender Norms View videos for 3.1 (ages 9-12) Discussion Questions After watching the video with your class, process it using the following discussion questions: What are some traditional gender roles shown in the video? How might people express their gender in ways that don’t match traditional gender roles? How do you think it would feel to be able to express your gender in a way that doesn’t match traditional gender roles? Why? What are some things you can do if you see a person being bullied for expressing their gender in a way that does not match traditional gender roles? Lesson Plans (some are zip) 6th Grade—Lesson 2: Gender Roles, Gender Expectations 7th Grade—Lesson 6: I Am Who I Am (.zip) 7th Grade—Lesson 7: Blue Is for Boys, Pink Is for Girls…Or Are They? (.zip) 9th Grade—Lesson 4: Sexual Orientation, Behavior, Identity: How I Feel, What I Do and Who I Am (.zip) 9th Grade—Lesson 5: Understanding Gender (.zip) Telling Your Parents...“I’m Transgender” Websites Advocates for Youth Answer Planned Parenthood SIECUS YTH ASHA Books Changing You!: A Guide to Body Changes and Sexuality An honest and reassuring guide to puberty for elementary school children Gail Saltz It's So Amazing! A Book about Eggs, Sperm, Birth, Babies Robie H. Harris Sex Is a Funny Word A Book About Bodies, Feelings, and YOU Cory Silverberg For Goodness Sex Changing the Way We Talk to Kids About Sexuality, Values, and Health Al Vernacchio Talk to Me First: Everything You Need to Know to Become Your Kids’ "Go-To" Person About Sex Deborah Roffman